CHAPTER 3 WEB VOCABULARIES This document is (Web hosting billing)
CHAPTER 3 WEB VOCABULARIES This document is saved as marsxhtm1-1.htmwith your resources. As you can see, the XHTML 1.0 strict and XHTML 1.1 documents are almost identical. The major difference is the DOCTYPE declaration that specifies which DTD to use. Although most of the internal reorganization is invisible to you, web browsers can understand the modular structure much more easily. Viewing the document gives almost the same results as shown in Figure 3-1. You could modify the display by changing the stylesheet declarations, exactly as you did with the strict document. The next requirement for XHTML documents is that tags are written in lowercase. Case Sensitivity Unlike HTML, XHTML is a case-sensitive vocabulary. This means that you must write all elements and attributes in lowercase in order to make them valid. Of course, the text within the element and attribute values is not case-sensitive. In HTML, you had to write element names in uppercase. However, this wasn t enforced, so any of the following was allowable: In XHTML, however, the only allowable element construction is Likewise, you must specify attributes using lowercase names. In HTML, any of the following were allowable:
In XHTML, all element and attribute names must be lowercase:
XHTML is case-sensitive because it s a requirement in XML. Case sensitivity is a major step in internationalization efforts. Although you can easily convert uppercase English characters to lowercase ones, or lowercase characters to uppercase, it s not so easy in other languages. Often there are no equivalent uppercase or lowercase characters, and some case mapping depends on region. Case sensitivity is important in order to allow the specification to use other languages and character sets. Closing Elements In HTML, you didn t need to close some elements, including ,
,
, and . These elements didn t mark up text, so they didn t have a corresponding closing element. In XML, this type of element, referred to as an empty element, may contain attributes but doesn t mark up text. You must close all elements for an XHTML document to be well formed.
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