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CHAPTER 2 RELATED XML RECOMMENDATIONS Processing instructions Comments Namespaces The root node is the starting point for the XML document tree, and there s only one root node in an XML document. The XML document itself is a node in the tree, and it s a child of the root node. Other children of the root node include processing instructions and comments outside of the document node. You write XPath expressions to locate specific nodes in the tree. XPath Expressions XPath expressions use an axis name and two colon characters (::) to identify nodes in the XML document: /axis::nodetest[predicate] XPath expressions include location paths that you read from left to right to identify the different parts of an XML document. The expression separates each step in the path with a slash (/): /axis::nodetest[predicate]/axis::nodetest[predicate] These paths indicate how nodes relate to each other and their context. The starting point of the path provides the context for the node. Using a slash means that the root element provides the context. The processor evaluates XPath expressions without this character against the current node. The axis or axes used in the path describe these relationships. The nodetest identifies the node to select. It may optionally include one or more predicates that filter the selection. The following expression refers to any descendants of the root element. The root element provides the context. The descendant axis specifies that the expression should select the descendants of the node: /descendant::DVD XPath recognizes the following axes: ancestor ancestor-or-self child descendant descendant-or-self following following-sibling preceding
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